Drugs to be Avoided While you are Suffering from Angioedema?

Man made drugs are a blessing, because they can eliminate your suffering and stop the symptoms of many lethal diseases. On the other hand, these drugs can result in some side effects. Sometimes these side effects can come in the shape of another disease e.g. angioedema also called quincke edema.

The most well known factor in causing angioedema is ACE inhibitor therapy which can cause ACEI Induced Angioedema. The symptoms may appear within a few hours or they may take years to become evident. If the symptoms appear, immediately withdraw the therapy and consult a doctor for prescription of steroids or antihistamines to counter the effect of the said therapy. Some other drugs which can cause angioedema are NSAIDS, aspirin, blood pressure medicines, ibuprofen, and antibiotics.

By avoiding these drugs you reduce the chances of angioedema attack.

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What is Quincke Edema?

Well it is not a new disease but Quincke edema or quincke’s edema is another common name of angioedema. Quincke edema is characterized by the rapid swelling of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues. It can be itchy and painful besides growing temporary lumps on your face especially around the eyes and lips.

It is not a contagious or life-threatening disease and usuallyonly lasts for a few hours. In some severe cases the swelling may progress rapidly and it can block the upper airway and result in suffocation hence, it should be treated as a medical emergency.

If you are a patient, you need to read my detailed article about quincke edema – read here, or you will be missing some very important details.

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Quincke edema or quincke’s edema is another common name of angioedema. Quincke edemais the rapid swelling of the human skin resulting in the swelling of dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa, and submucosal tissues. Usually, the swelling lasts a few hours and does not threaten the life of the patient. However, if the swelling progresses rapidly, it can block the upper airway and result in suffocation, in which case the patient should seek medical attention immediately. Epinephrine is a life saving drug in cases of acquired angioedema, but it is not very effective in familial angioedema.

The most common and obvious symptom is swelling, which can develop abruptly on the eyes, lips, tongue, and throat. However, it is not limited to these areas only, and any other part of the body can also be affected, such as the hands and feet. The swelling may result in itching, burning sensation, and pain. Urticaria (hives) may also develop along with it. Sometimes, the patient may also have difficulty breathing.

Quincke edema can be caused by many factors: allergies (e.g. pollen or food allergy), drugs (e.g. NSAIDS, aspirin, blood pressure medicines, ibuprofen, and other antibiotics), insect bites, hair dyes, any other underling diseases (e.g. Hodgkin, leukemia, lupus) or it can be simply a hereditary disease.

There are two types of Quincke edema: Acquired Quincke edema and Hereditary Quincke edema. As apparent by their names, the first one occurs in response to allergies and other factors, while the second one is a familial problem.

When trying to treat acquired Quincke edema, epinephrine has been very successful, but it does not treat hereditary Quincke edema as successfully. For a proper diagnosis, you may have an allergy test done by a professional. Urine and blood tests are helpful in determining whether you have Quincke edema. Antihistamines and certain other therapies are also quite helpful. One thing to bear in mind is not to take any other drug when you are suffering with Quincke edema.

Understanding How to Treat Hives

Allergies are a common occurrence, as evident by the growing number of patients who seek treatment. The good news is that medical science is taking important steps towards hives treatment. Hives are a common type of skin allergy, occurring mainly in young children and women. Approximately one in six people will have the condition at some point in their lives.  Hives can be characterized by both raised and swollen areas of the skin, which are very itchy.

Causes of Hives

The common cold, flu or other viral infections are some of the common causes of hives, which can be easily cured with the right hives treatment. In other cases, hives may occur as a result of an allergic reaction, such as:

• Foods, such as nuts, eggs, chocolate, citrus fruits, strawberries, shellfish and artificial food additives. Reducing the amount of these foods in the patient’s daily diet may help to get rid of hives.

• Some drugs, such as ibuprofen can cause a reaction. 

• Insect bites and stings. If the patient is allergic to bees or red ants, for example, hives can occur in reaction to being stung or bitten. 

• Reaction to heat. A patient may break out in hives as a result of becoming overheated.

Hives Treatment – Treating Hives at Home

Taking notes about when your hives begin, how long they last, and any other important information can help your physician to diagnose what is causing the outbreak of hives. Knowing the cause of your hives will help your doctor to recommend the appropriate hives treatment. However, in approximately 50% of the cases of hives, the cause remains unknown.

Recommendations to get rid of hives include:

• Apply calamine lotion to soothe the itch.

• Avoid clothes made of artificial fibers, and always wear natural fibers, such as cotton.

• Avoid the use of cosmetics and chemical-based skin cleansers.

• In some cases, for treatment of severe hives that are not responding to antihistamines, doctors will suggest using steroids (anti-inflammation drugs).

Identifying the causes of hives and avoiding the triggers that cause outbreaks is the best course of action.

I Want To Get Rid of My Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria?

Diseases that persist for a longer period of time can be annoying, but what if such a disease persists for months without any obvious reason? Of course it will be extremely infuriating .  I am talking about chronic idiopathic urticaria. Small red wheals of varying sizes may appear on the skin and the patient may also feel itchiness. If these wheals accompanied by itchiness stay on your skin for more than six weeks, it means you have developed  Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria.

Certain antihistamines and precautionary steps can help the patient, these are described in my comprehensive article about Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria, its symptoms and cure.

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Do you know what chronic idiopathic urticaria means? Urticaria is a skin problem with wheals or itching, idiopathic means without any known reason, and chronic means constant or recurrent. Therefore, if you are having a skin rash with wheals for more than six weeks without any obvious reason, it might be chronic idiopathic urticaria. It is an annoying, painful, and demoralizing condition. Read this complete article and you will know how you can get rid of it.

Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria Symptoms

First, you should know whether the idiopathic urticaria you are suffering from is chronic or not – if it lasts more than six weeks then it is chronic. Here are the most common symptoms:

• Small round wheals may appear, which may change shape or size with the passage of time

• The patient may feel itchiness

• Wheals usually occur in batches, and often appear on the face or the extremities. They may disappear from one place and appear on another.

Idiopathic Urticaria Treatment

When it comes to treating idiopathic urticaria, it is not an easy job. However, you can do a few things to minimize its effects. Using antihistamines including telfast, diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, cetirizine, and other H1 receptor antagonists may help to relieve symptoms.  However, it is important to realize that these treatments only relieve suffering temporarily, as the wheals may appear again on the skin after some time.

Idiopathic Urticaria and Angioedema

Angioedema is the rapid swelling of the subcutaneous tissue, mucosa, and submucosal tissues. It can be painful and may even cause suffocation. It is similar to urticaria; the only difference is that urticaria occurs in the upper dermis.

Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria Treatment

The chronic idiopathic urticaria treatment should first be oriented towards palliation of symptoms. In the early stages, a 2%-solution of Ephedrine as a local spray is very useful. Antihistamines with a low potential for sedation, such as H1 antihistamines, are the most important initial treatment. Combinations of diverse antihistamines may be helpful in suppressing symptomatology.

What is Chronic Urticaria and Idiopathic Chronic Urticaria?

How does it feel to have  chronic urticaria, which may stay  for a long time? Besides the extreme itchiness and burning you will be spending a lot of time at doctor’s appointments.

You may also miss many events not only because of the pain, but sometimes because of the embarrassment  you would feel by being around people.

Idiopathic Chronic Urticaria is one of its common types, it is usually caused by stress. Many people would suggest you to sit and wait for the rash to vanish, which is not a wise approach. To know more about this skin problem and find out the best treatments read my complete article

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Chronic urticaria, also called Ordinary urticaria, is defined as the presence of passing wheals, which last longer than six weeks. Idiopathic Chronic Urticaria is one of its common types, usually, caused by stress. Chronic urticaria treatment, which many people mistakenly think is very thorny, is described in this article.

Treatment for Chronic Urticaria

Many people think treatment for chronic urticaria is very difficult. Some would say that there is no guaranteed treatment or means of controlling the attacks. You can do a few things to minimize its effects, including taking certain medication. Using antihistamines including telfast, diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, cetirizine, and other H1 receptor antagonists can also help the patient.

Chronic Urticaria and Angioedema

Angioedema is the rapid swelling of the subcutaneous tissue, mucosa, and submucosal tissues. It can be painful and may even cause suffocation. It is similar to urticaria; the only difference is that urticaria occurs in the upper dermis.

Autoimmune Chronic Urticaria 

It has been observed that many patients of chronic idiopathic urticaria develop it because of an autoimmune rigger. Most of these patients impulsively build up autoantibodies directed at the receptor FceRI located on skin mast cells. Chronic stimulation of this receptor can lead tochronic urticaria.

Chronic Urticaria Causes

Unlike acute urticaria, chronic urticaria is usually caused by non-allergic factors. Most cases have an unknown cause. Up to 40% of chronic idiopathic urticaria patients have an autoimmune disorder. Some other causes are extreme pressure, temperature extremes, friction, intensive exercise, and sunlight.

Cold Induced Urticaria and Acquired Cold Urticaria?

Skin diseases can affect your life in many ways  because they cause pain and suffering and they can cause embarrassment because they are visible to everyone. That is why patients, who have experienced such a problem in their life, get frightened just by hearing the name.

Cold Induced Urticaria is caused from exposure of the skin to cold stimulus. It has two major types,  Acquired Cold Urticaria and Familial Cold Urticaria. Familial Cold Urticaria is inherited, while acquired cold urticaria can be evolved, usually between the ages of 18 to 25 years. If you are interested in reading more about this topic read here to read the complete article.

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If you experience large, red welts or swelling on your skin after it exposure to a cold stimulus, then you might have developed Cold induced urticaria. Acquired Cold Urticaria is caused by different natural reasons rather than inheriting it. It mostly occurs between the ages of 18 and 25. If you have inherited it, this type is known as familial cold urticaria.

The exposures that may cause cold induced urticaria vary greatly, including holding a dreadfully cold object, dipping body parts in cold or ice water or ice, to exposure including wind, and walking or swimming in extremely cold environments.

Cold Urticaria

Cold Urticaria is a type of allergy where large red swellings form on the skin after being exposed to a cold stimulus. In most cases, these swellings are itchy and often, the hands and feet get swollen as well. Their size can vary from the size of a pencil eraser to as big as a fifty-cent piece or even larger.

If your cold urticaria lasts for more than six weeks, it is classified as chronic, but this happens in rare cases. However, in some extreme cases, the patches can stay for a lifetime.

Familial Cold Urticaria

This is an inherited type of cold urticaria. It is also known as familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome or simply FCAS. It is a characterized by swellings, rashes, conjunctivitis, and arthralgias elicited by exposure to extreme cold.

Such a skin problem not only causes pain and itchiness, but can also severely affect your social life.

Some Myths about Skin Writing – Dermographism?

As promised in the previous post, today I will pinpoint the most common misconceptions and myths related to dermographism. It is also known as skin writing, as the rashes appear in the form of strange lines as if someone has held the skin and written on it.

Many people do not know that dermographism or dermatographism is a unique disease, however, it is actually a subtype of urticaria (hives). The rashes are itchy in nature and the typical treatment is quite similar. It is also mistakenly believed that dermographism is only caused due to food allergies.  Actually some drugs, insect bites and autoimmune disorders can also result in the outbreak of dermographism. Usually people think that dermographism treatment is not needed and the rashes will disappear automatically, though true for most cases,  some cases can be extremely painful and dangerous. Such cases should be treated as a medical emergency.

These were the myths about dermographism, but you must also learn some facts that can assist you battling this weird skin problem.

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Top Tips for Managing Dermographism?

Learning all the tips for diseases like dermographism and hives can be very handy as they can relieve you from some of the suffering. Never consider such tips to be a full time treatment, but these tips are just to help with the treatment.

For example, you are carrying out a properly prescribed dermographism treatment, and you are taking certain drugs or therapies, but sometimes the itching may be unbearable. This is where these tips come into play. For dermographism, you can apply a refrigerated calamine lotion or Aloe Vera gel to reduce itching. Avoid touching the affected area or it will aggravate the situation. Cooling the affected area with cool compression or a cloth dipped in water can be also help and ease the itching.

These guidelines can be helpful in reducing the itching and burning caused by dermographism. This series of blogs for dermographism ends here and in two days I will start begin talking about angioedema, do not miss it.

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Drugs That Must Be Avoided By a Dermographism Prone Individual?

As you know dermographism is a subtype of urticaria, therefore it has a similar response to certain drugs. This might sound weird but it is true that almost any drug can cause urticaria however, dermographism is caused by a limited range of drugs. Certain tests by a qualified doctor can help in proper diagnosis and the list of drugs to be avoided can be created. However, I will name some of the drugs that have the maximum potential for triggering dermographism.

Many antibiotics are considered to be the prime source for drug induced dermographism. However unlike hives, dermographism is less likely to be caused by drugs. Some vaccinations and NSAIDs must also be avoided by individuals prone to dermographism. Avoid these drugs to make your dermatographic urticaria treatment more useful.

Avoiding these drugs will help. However you need to get rid of all the misconceptions about dermographism, which I will describe in the next post, make sure you read it.

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More About Dermographism and Related Conditions?

Dermographism is also called dermographic urticaria, as it is a subtype of hives (urticaria). The related conditions of dermographism are not much different from those of hives itself.

The most common related condition of dermatographism is angioedema. The less common related condition are the hives or welts which may also develop. Dermographism is itchy but not deadly whereas the angioedema, that accompanies it, can be fatal.

Angioedema is quite similar to hives in many aspects but in angioedema there is a swelling instead of welts, which occur deeper in the skin. The swelling usually occurs on the face: around the lips and eyes and that is why it is also called facial angioedema. Dermographism is accompanied by angioedema which should be paid serious attention, especially if the trigger was an allergy.

Do not miss my upcoming post next week as I will be describing the pathophysiology of dermographism in and extremely simple way.

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The Most Common Forms of Dermographism and Their Home Remedies?

Dermographism or dermographic is actually a subtype of urticaria. It is also known as skin writing because the rashes appear on the skin in the form of writing. The rashes seem as if someone has held the skin and written something on it. To some, it might sound like a fascinating problem especially to the tattoo-lovers, but actually it is more painful than fascinating.

Certain home remedies can reduce the agonizing itch caused by dermographism. The first and most important tip is to not cover the affected area of the skin. Avoid touching the affected area as much as possible. Do not wear tight clothes, especially during the period when the rashes are present. Contact a qualified doctor if the itching persists.

These were simple remedies, but what should one do when dermographism treatment is notworking as it should be? The answer lies in my next post, do not forget to read it.

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Some Uncommon Must-Know Facts about Dermographism?

Because information about the rare skin problem called dermographism, is not readily available, many people do not know much to help them with treatment.

Dermographism or dermatographism is a rarely found subtype of urticaria (hives). Treating dermographism is not impossible but it can be difficult and extended,however proper treatment can cure your problem. If the symptoms persist for more than a few hours or the itching is unbearable, consult a doctor for dermographism treatment immediately.

Antihistamines can helpful especially if there is an autoimmune cause. Sorting out and avoiding the triggers can be a great comfort for the people prone to dermographism. If the dermographism has an association with pruritus, it can severely affect your lifestyle.

For every disease, there are always some tips and hidden secrets that can greatly help in battling that ailment. My next post is all about such tricks about dermographism, do not forget to return after two days.

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What are the Differences and Similarities Between Hives and Dermographism?

Today’s blog will show a brief comparison between hives and dermographism. By learning about this you will be able to understand and differentiate these two skin problems. This will help in giving hives treatment or dermographism treatment, not matter which disease are you suffering from.

Let us first understand the difference: Hives is the commonly used name for urticaria and dermographism is a subtype of urticaria. Hives welts can be scattered anywhere on the body and may vary in size from the size of a pinhead to covering a whole body part.

On the other hand, dermographism rashes appear in the form of writing usually on forearm and legs. The similarities between them include: welts of both the diseases are itchy in nature, and their treatment is similar. Furthermore, the triggers and causes are also alike.

To find out about the comparison of hives and angioedema, see my next post.

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How To Stay Safe From Dermographism – Some Simple Tips?

It is a fact that avoiding dermographism is much more stress-free than having to have dermographism treatment.
Today’s post has some simple steps that can help you in avoiding the itchy and painful dermographism.

Obviously you need to avoid all the items, foods or mechanical tools which can cause dermographism. Avoid extreme temperatures, especially hot weather which can cause dermographism. If you have a familial history of dermographism, you should consult a doctor for advice, even if the symptoms are not observable. If you have experienced dermographism in the past, the chances are high that it might return, so you need to be extra careful.

These steps can help lessen the chances of a dermographism outbreak,  but what if you already have dermographism? Read my post next week and find out the best possible solution for reducing the itchiness and pain.

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Myths revealed about Dermographism or Dermographic?

I have been writing on urticaria and hives for quite sometime and now it is time for Dermographism which literally means writing on the skin.

It is pretty strange that people in this modern age still have misconceptions about this problem. If you are a tattoo lover, it might sound fascinating to you, but let me tell you it’s the last thing to fancy because of the itching and pain.

It is known by many different names i.e. dermographic, dermatographism or skin writing. It is a common type of urticaria; a skin problem in which the skin becomes raised, especially when it is scratched, rubbed ferociously, stroked, or sometimes even slapped. To learn more about dermographism or dermographic, read here.

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Dermographism literally means writing on the skin. It is known by many different names, such as dermatographic urticaria, dermatographism, or skin writing. It is a common type of urticaria; a skin problem in which the skin becomes raised and inflamed when stroked, scratched, rubbed, and sometimes even slapped.

The underlying causes of dermographism are not clearly known; however, it is thought to be caused due to the release of histamines by the mast cells. When histamines are released, the weaker membranes surrounding the mast cells may be damaged and cause swelling. It is not a lethal disease and it is not contagious or infectious.

The underlying cause of dermographism is not known, and can last for many years without relief. At least 95% of chronic cases are never solved. Sometimes, the condition goes away; sometimes it stays forever. 

Urticaria Dermographism

Dermographism or urticaria dermographism may triggered by stress, very tight clothing, wristwatches, glasses, kissing, extreme temperatures, or anything that may cause stress to the skin of the patient. In most cases, it is only a negligible issue; however, in extreme cases, symptoms can be severe enough to affect the patient’s life.

White Dermographism

White dermographism is a rare kind of dermographism characterized by linear blanching of skin with atopic dermatitis in response to hard stroking, scratching, or slapping.

Dermographism Hives

Dermographism hives is another common name of dermatographic urticaria. Actually, hives is a commonly used name of the skin disease called urticaria in medical language. It occurs in response to certain physical allergies, in which slapping, stroking, or scratching of the skin of the person with any rough instrument produces a pale, raised, wheal, with a red flare on each side. Most of these conditions vanish within a few hours after their outbreak, but in severe cases they may stay much longer and need proper medical treatment.

Knowing Dermographism

Dermographism is a kind of urticaria. It is also called dermatographic urticaria. Some people refer to is as writing on the skin. As the name implies, it is characterized by eruptions and inflammations on the skin when an external object comes in contact with the skin. This makes the skin look as if someone has written something on the skin. Our skin contains cells called mast cells, which protect  it against pathogens acting as a defense system. The membranes surrounding these cells are weak in some people. In such cases, when skin is rubbed or scratched, it will release substances called histamine, which causes swelling of the skin.

Causes for Dermographism

The cause for this urticaria is unknown. Some people  will get this kind of urticaria when the skin is exposed to extreme heat or cold. There are several things that can trigger its occurrence. Tight clothing, watches, rings, glasses, and anything that causes pressure or stress to the skin may  trigger this. Even when the skin gets slapped, scratched, or rubbed, eruptions may occur. 

Since it does not spread from one person to another, and also because the eruptions disappear in time, some people will not undergo treatment for this. However, some patients will have it for life. Though in most cases, it is not life threatening, there are some cases that may be severe enough to become life threatening. Therefore,  proper treatment is necessary.

Cures for Dermographism

Antihistamines can be used to treat patients, which prevent the eruptions from appearing. Acupuncture treatments are also available to treat this condition.  Biodegradable and hypoallergenic soaps are used by many patients to help prevent outbreaks. In addition, patients are advised to avoid bathing in hot water.

What is meant by Facial Angioedema and Urticaria Angioedema?

In the simplest words, facial angioedema affects the face of the patient, usually the eyes and lips. Imagine what an unsightly look it can give to your beautiful face.

Urticaria Angioedema; though quite similar in nature, are two different skin problems. The major difference between these two is that urticaria occurs in the upper-dermis where as angioedema occurs in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. Urticaria is evident by wheals and itching whereas angioedema is characterized by rapid swelling.

To understand facial angioedema you need to understand what angioedema is, which is explained in my detailed article about Facial Angioedema & Urticaria Angioedema, read here.

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Facial angioedema affects the face of the patient, usually the eyes and lips. Urticaria Angioedema, though quite similar in nature, is a different skin problem. The major difference between these two is that urticaria occurs in the upper-dermis whereas angioedema occurs in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.

To understand facial angioedema, you need to understand what angioedema is, which is explained in the next section.

Angioedema

Angioedema is the rapid swelling of the human skin, resulting in the swelling of dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa, and submucosal tissues. Usually, the swelling lasts a few hours and does not threaten the life of the patient. However, if the swelling progresses rapidly, it can block the airway and cause suffocation, in which case it should be treated as a medical emergency. Epinephrine is a life saving drug in case of acquired angioedema, but it is not very effective in familial angioedema.

Angioedema Symptoms

The most common and obvious symptom is swelling, which can develop abruptly on the eyes, lips, tongue, and throat. However, it is not limited to these areas only, and any other part of the body can also be affected, such as the hands and feet. The swelling may result in itching, burning sensation, and pain. Urticaria (hives) may also develop along with it. Sometimes, the patient may also have difficulty breathing.

Angioedema Causes

Angioedema can be caused by many factors: allergies (e.g. pollen or food allergy), drugs (e.g. NSAIDS, aspirin, blood pressure medicines, ibuprofen, and other antibiotics), insect bites, hair dyes, and any other underling diseases (e.g. Hodgkin, leukemia, lupus), or it can be a hereditary disease.

Acquired Angioedema

There are two main types of angioedema: acquired angioedema and familial or hereditary angioedema. Unlike hereditary angioedema, acquired angioedema is caused by factors other than family history of this disease.

Hives Angioedema

Hives is the common name of urticaria. Hives angioedema, though quite similar in nature, is a different skin problem. The major difference between these two is that hives occur in the upper-dermis whereas angioedema occurs in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.

Angioedema Emedicine

Emedicine is an online clinical knowledgebase, searchable by keywords, such as angioedema.

Angioedema Swelling

Angioedema swelling is the common and obvious symptom of this skin problem. It is usually accompanied by itching and pain.

Approaches to Get Rid of Hives

Modern approaches to hives remedies include natural treatments as well as traditional treatments. Some non-medical ways to get rid of hives have been practiced for ages, such as the use of herbs. The right Hives Treatment depends on a proper diagnosis; however, many people mistake hives for a skin infection. Although hives can be triggered by a viral infection, the main cause of hives is as yet unknown.

The best and most successful approaches to hives treatment include the prevention of outbreaks. By learning which triggers cause hives to form, you can help to avoid outbreaks altogether. When hives are triggered by allergies, the best way to avoid an outbreak is to avoid coming into contact with the specific allergens that trigger the outbreak. Most of the time, hives go away on their own once the offending stimuli has been removed.

Conventional Medicinal Treatments to Get Rid of Hives 

The following treatments are generally used according to case severity:

• Anti-itch treatments
• Calamine lotion
• Antihistamines
• Oral antihistamines
• Corticosteroids

While medication can be used to treat hives, there are several home remedies for hives that can alleviate the itchiness and discomfort.

Skin Disorders and Cures for Hives

Hives is one of the skin disorders that may get aroused at any time of the year and for any reason. It depends on the element to which your body is allergic. A number of things that many people consider as allergens may include objects that people use or touch in their daily lives, such as some plants, insects, or even pets. Many people believe that hives cure is impossible since there is no absolute medication for hives treatment.

Curing Hives

Protection is considered the best course of action for those who seek a hives cure, and the best solution is avoiding its possible causes. The following tips are essential in order to avoid hives and all its consequences:

• Do not take the medications your doctor has told you to avoid

• Avoid aspirin and codeine

• Reduce your consumption of acidic fruits

• Avoid alcohol, as it causes the surface blood vessels to dilate

• Try not to overheat

• Always cool the infected area with a fan or an ice pack

Natural Hive Cures 

Hives often appear for unknown reasons in a few hours or days; your doctor may recommend antihistamine medicine to reduce the itching and swelling. This applies whether the hives are caused by a virus or by an allergic reaction.

Hives occurrence can be on any area of the skin, and attacks can last a short time (one hour) up to longer periods (one to three days). Sometimes, hives are called nettle rash, wheals, and by the medical term, urticaria. Below, are two of the main possible causes of hives:

• Reaction to environmental allergens – a local reaction can be caused by irritants, such as nettles, plants, animals (such as cats), latex, and chemicals.
• If the patient has an allergy to penicillin or amoxicillin, which is in the penicillin family, this can cause allergic reactions.